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One hundred microliter of feline coronavirus (1×105 pfu/ml) suspension was inoculated onto the sterile 6 well tissue culture plates. 0.3% chitosan solution or vehicle control (1% acetic acid) was sprayed using an electrospray gun. After incubating for 15 and 30 min, the wells were rinsed with EMEM media which were transferred to monolayer of CRFK cells grown in the 6 well tissue culture plate. After viral absorption for 1 hour, EMEM was removed and then 0.5% soft agar in EMEM was overlaid. After incubating for 72 hours, viral plaque indicated by a clear circle was determined by 0.3% crystal violet staining. A treatment with 0.3% chitosan for 15 min decreased feline coronavirus from 1×104 pfu to 1×101 pfu and treatment for 30 min completely killed feline corona virus, while a treatment with vehicle control (1% acetic acid) did not affect the viability of feline coronavirus.
The report indicates that 0.3% chitosan solution applied via electrostatic sprayer was effective at initially reducing the number of “pfu’s” (plaque forming units, which is similar to “cfu’s colony forming units” when working with bacteria) and furthermore at 30 minutes left no viable virus. The pfu or cfu does not exactly correspond to the actual number of virus particles or bacteria cells, but it is close. The difference is that more than one virus particle or bacteria cell could be the cause of one of the colonies which shows up on the petri dish. However, the absence of a plaque or colony is almost certainly evidence that there is not any virus or bacteria present. So, in a nutshell, trying two different methods to treat a 1X10^4 (10,000 units per ml) virus load, one with 1% acetic acid and one with 0.3% chitosan, showed that the acetic acid did not reduce the count while the chitosan reduced counts by 99.9% in 15 minutes and the chitosan treatment completely eliminated (within limits of experiment) the virus in the 30 minute contact.
*BacShield® has not been reviewed or accepted by the EPA for pathogenic efficacy claims.
The tests herein were conducted at Mississippi State University by Cooper Brookshire1, Michael Flose1, Issac Jumper1, Joo Youn Park1, Stanley Weller2, Lloyd Starks2, Keun Seok Seo1
1College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi state, MS 39762
2NOVTECH, LLC, Chattanooga, TN 37421
Presented at the US Army Medical Research and Development Conference on (DATE).
Antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of chitosan solutions against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Tested to 35 Days Persistent Kill
*BacShield® has not been reviewed or accepted by the EPA for pathogenic efficacy claims.
It is impossible to maintain a facility and expect a healthy environment if the surfaces are not tested, the data collected and evaluated, the success or failure is scored and the results are reported and acted upon to make changes if necessary.
This process may be easier than one may think. SilTanium does not sell or represent any of the equipment that is widely available on the market. However, the short guideline below may aid a service provider or facility decision maker in choosing a system that meets their needs.
The advantages of testing are clear. What may not be clear is that testing opens the possibility to save money too. Changes to chemicals used may reduce cost or increase effectiveness. Clear process direction to contractors and service providers may improve contract value.
Measuring results can be a facility internal operation or part of a service providers system. SilTanium lists service providers that may be able to help in this area in the Service / Installation Partners in our main menu.
Measure:
1. Test surfaces
2. Data information collection
3. Data evaluation
4. Score results
5. Report results so additional training or systems will be added as required
Directions for Use
1. Using an Ultrasnap testing device, take a swab sample of an area about 4 inches squared or 10 centimeters squared. (Or the equivalent on an uneven surface.) The Ultrasnap swabs come pre-moistened with special liquid that breaks down biofilm and exposes ATP. Or collect a water sample with an Aquasnap testing device. (Aquasnap devices will have slightly different directions.)
2. Place Ultrasnap swab back into swab tube.
3. Holding the swab tube firmly, use your thumb and forefinger to break the snap valve on the tube by bending it back and forth.
4. Squeeze the end bulb twice, expelling all of the liquid down the swab shaft.
5. Bathe swab bud in the liquid (this is a testing reagent) by shaking the tube for 5 seconds.
6. Open lid on SystemSURE and place Ultrasnap tube into testing chamber and close lid.
7. Press OK button to initiate reading. Results will be displayed in 15 seconds.
8. Read results.
a. Easy to understand PASS (check mark) CAUTION (!) or FAIL (X) symbols make results easy to understand immediately.
b. Results are displayed in Relative Light Units (RLU). More contamination = higher RLU results.
c. Programmed location names for each sample are displayed on the screen, along with a location number, making it easy to tell where each testing sample came from. Up to 251 location names can be programmed.
d. Upper and lower pass/fail limits are set for each location and are displayed on screen.
e. 20 sample plans can be created. Each sample plan has specific programmed locations that should be tested when running a particular plan.
f. User identification can be assigned to track performance and traceability.
9. SystemSURE Plus comes with SURE-Trend data analysis and charting software so you can connect it with your computer and make a database of what you have tested.
Example test performed by DPM, certified BacShield Service Provider
Test performed at a local, well-run restaurant. The hostess walked us in, sprayed disinfectant on the table, and wiped the surface off. We were happy to see that the table was disinfected. Just to be sure it was truly disinfected; the following test was administered:
Test 1 – Table Disinfected Before Seating Us
Note: 50 or below is hospital-grade disinfection.
We discussed leaving the restaurant after seeing this result.
Test 2 (Retest):
1. Cleaned Surface with Prep Chemical
2. Applied BacShield® and Allowed Dry Time
3.. Retested
A major change to the surface environment. Now 20 points lower than max hospital grade disinfecting.
Test 3:
This is the table one over that was not in use for social distancing. Another failure!
*BacShield® has not been reviewed or accepted by the EPA for pathogenic efficacy claims.
*BacShield® has not been reviewed or accepted by the EPA for pathogenic efficacy claims.
*BacShield® has not been reviewed or accepted by the EPA for pathogenic efficacy claims.
Effect of increasing Chitosan Solution concentrations on growth of E. Coli 015H7 in broth medium
Mississippi State University
Shecoya B. White, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
Figure 1. Results from imaging of bioluminescent E. Coli strains cultured in the presence of chitosan dilutions. The stock Chitosan solution was diluted in either LB broth or BHI broth to yield the following final concentrations: 25.00%, 12.50%, 6.25%, 3.13%, 1.06%, or 0% (control). Bioluminescent images were then taken every three hours for twenty-four hours using IVIS Lumina XRMS machine. To confirm IVIS microtiter data E. coli (9 log CFU/ml) was inoculated into BHI broth containing either 6.25% or 12.50% Chitosan solution and incubated for twenty-four hours. Samples were plated and incubated for an additional twenty-four hours at 37◦C to determine microbial growth. Colonies were then counted, and CFU/mL was calculated.
Table 1. Actual plate counts from microtiter plates treated with increasing concentrations of Chitosan solution.
*BacShield® has not been reviewed or accepted by the EPA for pathogenic efficacy claims.
Ron Gilmer
Ron plays a multifunctional roll at SilTanium coordinating operations and distribution and overseeing sales information and communication relationships.
Ron comes to SilTanium with sales and marketing experience and executive level management in plant operations. Distinguished skills in business development, continuous process improvement, and new process integration. Other core competency in lean manufacturing technologies, production processes, cost containment, facility and equipment control, project management, quality and performance improvement, and human resources.
Professional Background:
Operations manager with top gun powder and architectural coating.
Operations manager with Jinsung T.E.C.
Application engineer with The Valspar Corporation
Production manager with Suzuki Manufacturing of America
Senior shift supervisor with Kobelco of America, Inc.
Production supervisor with utility trailer manufacturing corporation.
A Native of Daleville, Alabama Ron now resides in Calhoun Georgia with his wife Stacy. Ron has two Daughters Cassie and Ashley. Ron received an Industrial Engineering Degree from Auburn University. Military Service with the Army National Guard.
John A Duffy Jr
In 2018 John, along with Pro Football Hall of Famer Ray Lewis and three other partners, came together to form LEGENDS Access (legendsaccess.com). LEGENDS Access is a world class sports marketing organization specializing in Sports and Entertainment LEGENDS. As the Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer, John works closely with the LEGEND community and corporate clients including Sports Illustrated, MillerCoors. UPS, Capital One, DrinkTru Inc., HealthRight Products and BodyChek Wellness.
John also created Celly U.S.A. a consulting firm optimizing Corporate Partnerships for Sports and Entertainment Venues as well as consulting for major brands focused on foodservice channel development. One of John’s major clients included L.A. Libations, a next-generation beverage incubator/accelerator and innovation partner of The Coca-Cola Company.
For the prior 22 years John was employed by the Coca-Cola System in leadership roles of increasing responsibility. Most recently (Vice President of National Sales) leading the organization responsible for Coca-Cola’s Sysco Foodservice business across North America and accounting for over $1 billion in revenue. Prior to this role John built and led the organization responsible for all sports, entertainment, and marketing asset agreements across the Eastern United States as Vice President of Marketing Assets. John and his team were accountable for more than 100 of the most iconic sports & entertainment partnerships including Madison Square Garden, Boston Red Sox, Universal Studios, Tampa Bay Lightning, Atlanta Braves, University of Alabama, University of GA, Boston College, Atlanta Hawks, Boston Bruins and Walt Disney World.
A native of Bourne, Massachusetts John resides in Kennesaw, Georgia with his wife Wendy, son John and daughters Catherine and Julia. John holds a BA in Economics from the University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth and an MBA from Suffolk University in Boston. John is a member of the Kennesaw State University Athletics Association and is a USA Hockey Certified Level 4 Youth Hockey Coach. John is also active in the fight to eradicate Human Trafficking working with the SAWT League (Sports World Against Trafficking).
